Shoulder pain can affect many areas of daily life, from reaching overhead and lifting objects to playing sport or completing work tasks. One possible cause of ongoing shoulder discomfort is a SLAP lesion, an injury involving the cartilage structure inside the shoulder joint. Understanding what a SLAP lesion is, what symptoms it can cause, and how physiotherapy may help can assist you in making informed decisions about managing your shoulder health.

At Belconnen Physiotherapy Clinic in Canberra, our physiotherapists assess shoulder conditions by looking at your symptoms, movement patterns, strength, and functional goals. A personalised physiotherapy approach may help improve shoulder function, reduce aggravating factors and support a safe return to your usual activities.

What is a SLAP Lesion?

A SLAP lesion (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior lesion) is an injury affecting the labrum, which is a ring of cartilage that helps provide stability within the shoulder joint. The labrum surrounds the socket of the shoulder and plays an important role in smooth shoulder movement.

A SLAP lesion occurs when there is damage to the upper part of the labrum where the biceps tendon attaches. This injury can happen gradually over time or following a specific event, such as a fall, repetitive overhead movements, or sporting activities.

What Causes a SLAP Lesion?

SLAP lesions can develop for several reasons. Common causes include:

• Repetitive overhead activities, such as throwing sports, swimming or some occupational tasks

• A fall onto an outstretched arm

• Heavy lifting or sudden pulling movements

• Shoulder trauma or injury

• Age-related changes affecting the shoulder structures

Athletes who regularly perform overhead movements may experience increased stress on the shoulder joint, but SLAP lesions can occur in people with many different activity levels.

What Are the Symptoms of a SLAP Lesion?

The symptoms of a SLAP lesion can vary depending on the severity of the injury and the individual. Common symptoms may include:

• Deep shoulder pain that is difficult to pinpoint

• Pain with overhead movements

• Clicking, catching or popping sensations in the shoulder

• Reduced shoulder strength

• A feeling that the shoulder is unstable or “not quite right”

• Discomfort during throwing, lifting or reaching activities

Some people notice symptoms during specific movements, while others may experience more general shoulder discomfort during everyday activities.

How is a SLAP Lesion Diagnosed?

Can physiotherapy diagnose a SLAP lesion?

A physiotherapist can perform a detailed assessment of your shoulder, including your range of movement, strength, posture, joint control and the activities that increase your symptoms.

Because shoulder pain can have many possible causes, a thorough assessment is important. In some cases, further medical assessment or imaging may be recommended to help confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.

A diagnosis of a SLAP lesion is usually based on a combination of:

• Your injury history and symptoms

• Clinical shoulder assessment

• Response to movement and loading tests

• Medical imaging when appropriate

Can Physiotherapy Help a SLAP Lesion?

What does physiotherapy treatment involve?

Physiotherapy for a SLAP lesion focuses on improving shoulder function, reducing aggravating factors and helping you return to your desired activities safely.

Your physiotherapy program may include:

Shoulder strengthening exercises

A key component of rehabilitation is improving the strength and control of the muscles around the shoulder. This may include exercises targeting:

• The rotator cuff muscles

• The muscles around the shoulder blade

• The upper limb and postural muscles

Improving shoulder strength and coordination may help support better movement patterns during daily tasks and sport.

Activity modification and education

Understanding which movements increase your symptoms can be an important part of recovery. Your physiotherapist can provide guidance on modifying activities while maintaining appropriate movement and function.

Mobility and movement retraining

Some people with shoulder pain develop altered movement patterns. Physiotherapy may include exercises and techniques aimed at improving shoulder mobility, coordination and confidence with movement.

Does a SLAP Lesion Always Require Surgery?

Not every SLAP lesion requires surgery. The most appropriate management approach depends on factors such as:

• Your age

• Activity requirements

• Symptoms and functional limitations

• Duration of symptoms

• Response to conservative treatment

Many people begin with non-surgical management, including physiotherapy, activity modification and a structured exercise program. If symptoms continue despite appropriate rehabilitation, your physiotherapist may recommend discussing further options with your doctor.

How Long Does It Take to Recover From a SLAP Lesion?

Recovery time varies between individuals and depends on factors such as the type of injury, your activity level, treatment approach and how your shoulder responds to rehabilitation.

A physiotherapist can help you understand realistic recovery expectations and develop a plan based on your specific goals, whether that involves returning to sport, work duties or everyday activities.

When Should You See a Physiotherapist for Shoulder Pain?

You may benefit from a physiotherapy assessment if you experience:

• Persistent shoulder pain that affects daily activities

• Difficulty lifting your arm or reaching overhead

• Shoulder clicking or catching with movement

• Reduced strength or confidence in your shoulder

• Pain that has not improved with time

Early assessment may help identify contributing factors and provide guidance on appropriate management.

SLAP Lesion Physiotherapy in Canberra

If you are experiencing shoulder pain, clicking, weakness or difficulty with overhead activities, the team at Belconnen Physiotherapy Clinic can assess your condition and discuss suitable treatment options.

Our Canberra physiotherapists provide evidence-informed care focused on helping you understand your symptoms, improve shoulder function and work towards your individual goals.

To book an appointment or discuss your shoulder concerns, contact Belconnen Physiotherapy Clinic on (02) 6251 3487.

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